Team+2

=Topic: Air Purification Methods in Gas Masks=

Research Question:
What are the strengths and weaknesses of different ways of air purification in gas masks?

 April 22, 1915. Poisonous gas is released on the battlefield at Ypres. Chaos ensues and soon the attacking force has lost its will to fight. This is the **// Dawn //** of gas warfare, one of the most terrifying methods of war. Gas masks are the only line of defense against this horrific new threat. Originally invented by miners and firefighters as early as 1799, the original respirators were only good for filtration of airborne particles like smoke and coal dust and therefore, the soldiers in WWI were unprepared for the gruesome attack of poisonous gases. As a response to this new threat, gas masks were perfected; more and more advanced gas masks were developed. The early, and rather primitive, gas masks were nothing more than chemical-soaked mouth pads held in place by long strips of fabric. Soon, this design was updated to cover the entire head. This model replaced by what is now known as the canister gas mask, where the absorbent materials were contained in a can attached at front of the mouth. As the technology became more advanced, scientists developed gas masks that used chemical reaction and activated carbon beds to purify the air. Today, there are three main filtration systems: particle filter, carbon beds and chemical neutralization. Particle filters are called HEPA filters or high efficiency particulate air filters, and use a fine mesh to filter air based on size discrimination. Carbon beds use activated charcoal, or activated carbon black to catch particles on the molecular level, and it can even react with some pollutants in the air. Air filters that use chemical neutralizers contain specific reagents that remove pollutants from the air. For example, ammonia reacts with Cl2 and mustard gas neutralizing their harmful effects, and was used in early hoods and canister gas masks in the first half of the 20th century. We are going to explore the different mechanisms of air purification in gas masks and compare the effectiveness of each process. We will also investigate several air purification methods used in more general settings.
 * Intro:**

Log:
//note:// not all individual research is recorded in this table for convenience
 * Date || Time || Description ||
 * August 21 || 1 hour || Brainstormed topics ||
 * September 2 || 1 hour || Finalized Topics ||
 * September 5 || 1 hr || Group Creation, Sub-topic Formation ||
 * September 18 || 1 hour || Work on Wiki, Research, Determination of Research Question ||
 * November 6 || 1 hour 30 min || Class work; research ||
 * November 10 || 2 hours || Planned presentation board and discussed topic in depth ||
 * November 13 || 1hour 30 min || Class work; further research, outline and board presentation ||

Christine Anderson Emilie Josephs Chris Lowe Randy Waymire
 * The team is composed of:**

Any interviews/experiments need to be concluded by nov. 17 (Interviewees need to be identified no later than nov. 3) October: Bulk of research done Function of various gas masks Function of submarine systems November: Assembly of board, with writeup, and pictures Done one week in advance (Nov 28)
 * Possible Calendar** (bare bones):

Include: First use in firefighting Warfare - World wars, and subsequent progression Scuba scrubbers?
 * Presentation Board Structure:**
 * Definition of Gas Masks
 * History
 * Methods of air purification (general)
 * HEPA
 * Carbon beds
 * Ammonia
 * Other compunds used in chemical removal

Intro- -brief history
 * Outline**

Body - HEPA - carbon beds -chemical neutralization -general overview of air purification methods in media other than gas masks
 * give strengths and weaknesses of each

Conclusion -which is best, why -reflection on experience (evaluation)

Group 4 Project Rubric
 * Rubric**
 * **Items that will be evaluated** ||= **Points Possible** || **Your Score** ||
 * Project title is appropriate and clear ||= 3 ||  ||
 * Research question/hypothesis is/are appropriate and clearly stated ||= 3 ||  ||
 * Methods/data collection is/are appropriate, accurate, and reliable ||= 5 ||  ||
 * Data are clearly presented, and thier significance is obvious or clearly stated ||= 5 ||  ||
 * Data analysis is clear and appropriate ||= 5 ||  ||
 * Conclusion is based on biology/ecology/physics/chemistry principles ||= 3 ||  ||
 * Conclusion is based on sound analysis ||= 3 ||  ||
 * Conclusion is clear and logical ||= 3 ||  ||
 * Poster is clearly constructed, logical, and easy to follow ||= 3 ||  ||
 * **Total Score** ||= **33** ||  ||

http://books.google.com/books?id=KzXPJ-p75QIC&pg=PA360&dq=air+purification+in+submarines+WWII&sig=ACfU3U07EHBVJBQN7rzbhROzZbgcOG71UA
 * Links**

http://books.google.com/books?id=s7Cxs4VJEkUC&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=air+purification+in+submarines+WWI&source=web&ots=5TQ2iEnTFm&sig=wdAlLcFs3G8AuWHH-1NXRWZTn28&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result

http://books.google.com/books?id=F6m44VMoWtAC&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=air+purification+in+submarines+WWII&source=web&ots=gLiRb1V_Ml&sig=Va_6f8uHL3IQHqA0zltB3NSR4eo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result#PPA83,M1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_purifier (explanation of modern commercial air purification techniques)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeolite#Commercial_and_Domestic

http://www.airpurifiers.com/gasmasks.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-gas-masks.htm

http://science.howstuffworks.com/gas-mask1.htm http://books.google.com/books?id=7ZnXZfwWwgcC&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234&dq=neutralization+in+gas+masks&source=web&ots=Nzq2vVmYQw&sig=YDW-bUsFGuHVESmRopcYNOAdHJo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result

=Presentation Board Layout=

Introduction
Gas mask materials – construction of hood. (talk about how well it covers exposed skin, and include a blurb about effects of poison gas on exposed skin)
 * 1) History of gas masks
 * 2) Discussion of use in WWI
 * 3) Types of filtration

Gas Mask Analysis
Activated Carbon HEPA Filters 1-3 Chemical filters 1-3
 * 1) Function
 * 2) Pros
 * 3) Cons

Air Purification General
Description of large scale filtration Comparison to Gas mask methods (Not feasible to have electrostatic plates for example)

Evaluation of Gas masks and results
Masks have the ability to protect soldiers and civilians in a wartime, or epidemic situation, but the most sophisticated masks are too costly, and the most efficient technologies are not feasible for mass production.